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Chapters 12 and 13: China and its Spread

Page history last edited by Kelly Best 15 years ago

 

 

Section 2

Working together using this wiki

Think of this wiki as a shared online whiteboard. The entire class can share information using this wiki, making your research accessible to everyone. You will not  have to complete the IDs all by yourself! Play around with this wiki: Notice how you can add comments to a page, see what people have changed, and edit all the text.

 

How to add your information to this wiki...

  1. Click on the Edit tab at the top.
  2. Scroll down to your term and copy and paste your information. (Be sure to add your name after the term)
  3. Use the right toolbar to insert images and files (be sure to keep your images small - we are all sharing this page)

    Use this checklist to check your work: (I use this list to grade your wiki)

    • Add your name next to the term/concept you are responsible for (5 pts)
    • Underline the term/concept - make it bold or heading 2 size (5 pts)
    • Brief summary of term/concept - use bullets or highlight key points (55 pts)
    • Picture/map - must include caption (keep image small in size) (image = 15 pts; caption =10 pts)
    • Please provide a FULL citation for the source(s) used - www.citationmachine.net can help. (5 pts)
    • Post your info in the right location - instead insert your image with caption right under your content. (5 pts)
    You are responsible for TWO terms this week.
  1. When you are done, hit Save at the bottom and view your work (make changes (Edit) as necessary).
  2. TIP: only one person can edit this wiki at a time, so I suggest you create your entry in a word program first. Then you can simply copy and paste it right in when the wiki is available for edit.

 Chapters 12 and 13 - China and its Spread

 

Period of Six Dynasties and Wendi - Mindy Xiong

 

     This took place in Nanjing, China - serving the capital as the nine dynasties, of which the 6 Dynasties were the earliest. It is an ancient historic and cultural city. The Six Dynasties involved the Eastern Wu and Eastern Jin during the Three Kingdoms, and the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen during the Southern Dynasty period. Basically, it was a time of unification for the Han to the Tang Dynasty lasting for more than 300 years. It was also an important link to China's ancient art. There were many tombs of royal blood through the six dynasties found around the area from Nanjing to Danyang in Jiangsu Province. For the Emperor Wendi - He had very cocky animal like behaviors full of vitality. It was as if the animals were about to rise into the air - ready to jump. This shows a whole new revolution that the art of stone carving became quite more significant as people have come to be more manipulative.

 

     Wendi - was a very powerful emeror. Though the Sui dynasty ruled for about 30yrs, most of the work was done by Emperor Wendi. He reigned from 581 - 604. (Also a former general of the Southern Zhou Dynasty) One of the most important actions that he has taken was to reconstruct the government to simplify internal administration. He was also very religious (supporting Buddhism.) 

 

Here is an image painting of: Emperor Wendi.

 

 

"mperial Mausoleums of the Six Dynasties (229-589) ." China through a Lens. China Internet Information Center. 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/atam/115393.htm>

"The Sui dynasty." The Sui dynasty. 14 Nov 2008 <http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/sui/bottom.html>.

 

 

 

 

Tang and Song Economics Revolutions-Leya Wood

 

 

Tang Economics:

·         Grand Canal

·         Trade supported by the government

·         Vast communication network

·         Brought back Han dynasty’s practice of relationships with bordering lands

·         Exported lots

·         Silk Road continued to prosper

·         Rice production increased:  chains, harrow, and plows

·         Growth of Cities

Song Economics:

·         Printing Presses

·         Merchants grew richer

·         Production of iron and steel

·         Painting, calligraphy and porcelain inspired trade

·         Commerce

·         Gunpowder

"Tang Dynasty." Wikipedia. 21 NOV 2008. 23 Nov 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynasty>.

"Song Dynasty." Wikipedia. 23 NOV 2008. 23 Nov 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty>.

 

Here's a picture of the Tang Dynasty.

Here's a picture of the Song Dynasty.

 

 

Expansion of urban centers in Song China - C. Tsang

Local Customs

-Supported shops, restaurants, and markets

-Largest city and capital Kaifeng during song dynasty and Hangzhou after the dynasty

-Chinaware

-Printing was spread

-Wall was built for protection

-Silk valued highly for clothing material

-Leaders in shipbuilding

-Chinaware gained popularity through elegance and shape and color that sparked its peak

-First paper money was introduced and was later spread throughout

-Woodblock printing gained popularity through the Song Dynasty

-The social classes structure were changed

>

The Song Dynasty in China back in the year of 960 until the year of 1927.   (http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/urban/urban.htm)

Source:

"Urbanization: A New King of City” Asia for Educators, Columbia University 2004.

17 Nov 2008 <http://http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/urban/urban.htm>.

 

     

 

 

Inventions of the Tang and Song era -Lauren Sink

·         Cannons

·         Fire-arrows shot from bamboo tubes

·         Engraved printing

·         Block printing with movable type

·         Gunpowder

·         Compass

These maps show the Tang and Song eras during which these items were produced.

 

The Four Great Inventions. 14 November 2008. 14 November 2008. <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/focus/inventions.htm>.

 

 

Artistic Expression in Tang and Song Era Rishi Simha: 

 

Both the Tang and Song eras ushered in a new age compared to the centuries of stagnation.  Art was a form of expression that blossomed.  Ceramic Art was an art form expressed in both the Tang and Song dynasties.  Specifically, Shiwan Ceramics were the highest quality.  The Northern Song Dynasty was known for enormous landscape painting, court painting, and calligraphy.  The Tang Dynasty expressed art originally in the form of gemstone works, especially in the creation of jade artifacts.  In summary, Tang and Song dynasties followed the short Sui Dynasty.  A cultural mini-revolution occurred resulting in the expression of thought through the following forms of art:  poetry, thought, calligraphy, ceramics, bronze works, jade works, and painting.   All of this took place from the late 600s to the 1100s of the common era.

This is an example of Calligraphy from the Norther Song Dynasty.  The piece is Saling on the Wu River.

 

Sources: 

"Tang Dynasty." Tang Dynasty - The Jade Road. 2008. The Jade Road Ltd. 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.thejaderoad.com/tangdynasty.html>.

 

Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, "Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127)." Tang Dynasty - The Jade Road. 2008. The Met. 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.thejaderoad.com/tangdynasty.html>.

 

Examination system Daniel Sanmartin

 

Examination system - D. SanMartin

Chinese examination system

The Chinese examination system was a way to raise oneself in status to a privileged class.  It was used from the Han dynasty until Ch’ing dowager empress Tz’u His in 1905 being pressured by the Chinese intellectuals abolished it’s continued use.  It was a thought that the state would be ruled by men with ability and virtue which had grown out of Confucian teachings.  This test recruited men based on merit not family or political connection.  The text studied were Confucian classics, but because some scholars spoke out on possible memorization without being able to apply the knowledge the system changed in the Sung dynasty.  By the Ming dynasty commentaries of Sung Neo-Confucian philosopher Chu Hsi were used as orthodox interpretations of the classics only a small number of students received the office spending 20-30 years memorizing the text.  They were tested in up to eight exams for the highest level degree.  After the 19th century this was no longer used because it was thought to be outdated for use in modernizing China, and mass education was used with a Western Type curriculum.

Scholars studying text, trying to get the best scores on the examination tests.  The results of the tests would determine were in the government the feudal rulers would place them.

"Chinese examination system." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. . Copyright © 2007. Columbia University Press. 15 Nov 2008 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0811913.html>.

 

 

Empress Wu and Empress Wei--S.Panda

 

The Silk Road- Matt Myers

·         The Silk Road was actually a series of trade routes that connected to span from China in the East to Rome in the West.

o        Few people actually traveled the entire breadth of the route, they would, rather, travel it in segments.

·         Much more was traded along the Silk Road than just silk, it was also used to transport many other valuable goods as well as religious, technological, and cultural ideas.

o        The road was crucial to the introduction of China to the rest of the known world. It is what led to their expansionist mentality during the post-classical era.

·         The central Asian part of the route was initiated by the Han Dynasty around 114 B.C.E., although certain portions of the route had been around for much longer.

·         A notable traveler on this road was the Italian explorer Marco Polo. His records of the Chinese civilization are invaluable to historians today.

·         The use of the road eventually declined in the Middle Ages due to the use of sea trade to transfer goods.

This is a Chinese painting showing the activity along the Silk Road. The Silk Road was actually what “introduced” China, and their amazing culture, to the rest of the known world. 

  

Sources:

                  Wild, Oliver. "The Silk Road." (1992) 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/silk.html>.

                 "Silk Road." Wikipedia. (2008). 14 Nov 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road>.

                 "The Silk Road: Linking Europe and Asia Through Trade." 14 Nov 2008 http://library.thinkquest.org/13406/sr/.

 

 

Canal System - Richard Monroe

Chapter 12 & 13: Canal System

In need of a more efficient mode of transportation, construction of the Grand Canal began in 450 BCE and bits and pieces were added on by the successive Chinese Emperors. Most notably however, the Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE) dug many more systems, some connecting to the Grand Canal, such as the Jia, Duke Huan's Conduit, Yilou, Nanyang, Huitong, and Jizhou. They used mostly slave labor to dredge the canals. The main system stretched from Hangzhou to Beijing and it was used mainly for transportation of goods and travel. Some of the canals were used as irrigation for agriculture and rice fields but that was mostly in the north east China. Under the Mongols, the Canal system was not maintained and by the time of their decline, most of the canals were in operable. During the Ming Dynasty however, the canals were dredged and the system was put into operation. They have remained in operation since.

 

"Shanghai Tour." Shanghai Highlights. 2006-2008. 15 Nov. 2008 http://www.shanghaihighlights.com/shanghai-china-travel/sh-12/.
"Chinese Canals." China Page. 15 Nov. 2008 http://www.chinapage.com/river/canal/canal.html.

This is a photo of a Grand Canal canal town on the outskirts of Shanghai.

 

Neo-Confucianism-Sara Marshall

-->Neo-Confucianism was a form of confucianism developed during the time of the Song Dynasty.

-->It was also possible tracked back to the time of the Tang Dynasty.

-->It layed the grounds for Confucian Orthodoxy in the Qing Dynasty.

-->It's philosophy was to combine various elements of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism.

-->It started around the middle of the 9th century.

-->Neo-Confucianism was found in China.

-->It's greatest philosopher was Zhu Xi.

-->Zhu Xi's form of Confucian thought was known as daoxue.

-->The purpose of Neo-Confucianism was to promote a unified vision of humane flourishing.

This is a picture of Zhu Xi, the great philosopher of Neo-Confucianism.

 

"Neo-Confucian Philosophy." www.iep.utm.edu. 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/neo-conf.htm>.

 

 

 

 

Footbinding (Sarah Mann)

·        Practiced in China

·        Men wanted women’s feet to be smaller

·        Was painful and movement was hard causing women to be constricted to the household

·        Similar to the veil and seclusion in Islam

·        Started because Tang emperors enjoyed the tiny feet of dancers

·        First upper class men desired small feet and then the want spread slowly to the lower class men because women’s labor was needed   

·        Mothers would bind their daughters feet as age five or six

·        The toes were turned under and silk was used to bind their feet

·        They wanted the foot to resemble a “lotus petal” or a “golden lily”

·        Began in the 10th century and ended in the 20th century

 

This picture compares a regular foot to a bounded foot.

 

Stearns, Peter N.. World Civilizations The Global Experience. 4th Ed.. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.

 

"Image:FootBindingRxSchema2.gif." Wikipedia.com. 1 June 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. 12 Nov 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FootBindingRxSchema2.gif.

 

 

 

The Voyages of Zheng He- (Brianna Kosko) 

 

  • Who: Zheng He was a Hui chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral who made the voyages known as "Enuch Sanbao to the Western Ocean" or "Zheng He to the Western Ocean."
  • What: Zheng He acted as the commercial representative for the Ming court on his trip to these voyages.
  • When: Voyages occured from 1405-1433
  • Where: Voyages ranged from places in China to Africa, namely those along the Indian Ocean
  • Why: The voyages were used to help increase trade
  • How it's important: Zheng He's voyages were important because they contributed a lot to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and other nations. 

    Thjis is a picture of Zheng He

    http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01780/transportation/zhenghes-voyages.htm

     

Tributary system- Cory Hume

This system is based on tributes, gifts in the form of money or other goods for respect, or signs of allegiance and control. Many societies were tributary towards China during the 500 CE to around 1400 CE. The nations that gave China their gifts included Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. China utilized this system to, not only control the countries that were under their power, but also to assist their economy by opening up new trade routes and services. This form of a mutualistic relationship was not confined to the nations under China control, but also opens to any other society that paid their dues. It was a “scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours” relationship that exemplified the Chinese economy.

http://www.mrcmekong.org/img/flood_report/2007/fig4.gif

This graph shows an example of a tributary system in lower Asia and China. The amounts of tributes that are given are shown and who they are given to and from.

"Tributary System in China." Suite101. 2008. 14 Nov. 2008 <http://www.suite101.com/reference/tributary_system_in_china>.

Initiatives of the early Ming (look in Ch. 15)

 

Silk, porcelain, and "china"-Nat Glynn

Silk

  • Silk is a fiber which in some forms can be made into textiles.
  • Silk often comes from the cocoons of the mulberry silkworm.
  • It was first developed in ancient China as early as 6,000 B.C.E.

Porcelain and "china"

  • Porcelain is also believed to have originated in China, dating back to the Shang Dynasty.
  • Porcelain expertise eventually spread into other areas and by the 17th century, porcelain was being exported to Europe.
  • Bone china was origonally developed in England when bone ash was accidently added as an ingredient to Chinese porcelain.\
  • Adding bone ash to the porcelain paste produced a white, strong, translucent porcelain.

 

This is an example of fine bone china.

"A History of Porcelain" 20 Nov. 2008 http://www.artistictile.net/pages/Info/Info_Porcelain.html

"Silk" Wikipedia 20 Nov. 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk

 

 

Heien Japan and the Fujiwara clan- Shelly Franks

The Heian Period lasted from 794 to 1185 and the politics was dominated by the Fujiwara clan that descended from the Nakatomi clan. The Heian Age was characterized by relative peace and stability and a central government in the capital, Heian-kyo.  The Fujiwara clan originated when Nakatomi no Kamatari was given the surname Fujiwara by Emperor Tenji.  During the Heian period the Hokke managed to establish a hereditary claim to the position of regent.  The Fujiwara clan was one of the four great families that dominated the Japanese politics. The Fujiwara dominated the government of Japan 794-1160 but there is no clear starting point of their dominance. The Fujiwara Regency was the main feature of government  throughout most of the Heian Period.  During the ninth and tenth centuries the Fujiwara clan began to lose control of the throne. It wasn’t until Emperor Go-Sanjo took over.  He was the first emperor not born of a Fujiwara mother since the ninth century.

 

"Fujiwara Clan." Wikipedia. 14 Nov. 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fujiwara_family/>.

 

  I could not get my picture to open up put here is the link for it:http://www.japanroads.com/img/fujiwara-kamatari.jpg.  My picture is of Emperor Go- Sanjo and he was the first emperor not to be born of a Fujiwara mother and he was the cause of the end of the Fujiwara Clan.

 

Japanese Artistic Expression-Kelly Best

Artistic expression in Japan during this time was just as much in pictures as it was in poetic metaphorical imagery. In fact, “written verse” could be said to be one of the most valued forms of art. As a result of the demand for poetry and literature, the written script of Japan (borrowed from China) was made simpler and more compatible with spoken Japanese. There were various forms of poetry that Japanese are famous for, such as couplets (seen below) and haikus.

 

 

 

This is an example of Japanese script (the symbol for "Dream"). As you can see, it is simpler and easier to imitate than classical Chinese (seen right)

 

Sources

Stearns, Peter N. World Civilizations. Fourth AP. New York, NY: Pearson Longman, 2006.

22 Nov 2008 http://www.japanese-name-translation.com/site/calligraphy/yume_pc.gif

22 Nov 2008 http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/716523/2/istockphoto_716523-dream-in-chinese.jpg

 

 

Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji-Estefania Delgado

•    Lady Murasaki was a Japanese novelist, poet and a maid of honor of the imperial curt during the Heian period.

•    Murasaki was born into the Fujiwara family, she was he daughter of the governor of a province.

•    The Tale of Genji was written in Japanese between 1000 and 1008, one of the earliest novels in human history.

•    The Tale of Genji is a classical work of Japanese literature made by Murasaki Shikibu.

•    It was in the early eleventh century, around the peak of the Heian Period.

•    What makes Genji distinctive is that it features a central character who sports with various court ladies in a variety of related anecdotes.

2000 Yen banknote with The Tale of Genji and Murasaki Shikibu.

"Who is Lady Murasaki?" Wisegeek. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-lady-murasaki.htm>.

"Female Hero: Murasaki Shikibu." Women in the world history. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine9.html>.

 

 

The Taira-Minamoto war and the fall of the Fujiwara - M. Decker

 

Over many years, autonomous "mini-kingdoms" gained considerable power. Two such kingdoms, the Taira and the Minamoto, began to fight each other. The Taira had the upper hand, controlling the emperor and dominating the court. However, once warfare began, the Minamoto commanders and their powerful network of alliances with provincial lords overwhelmed the Taira. The war between these two houses, the Gempei Wars, raged in the heartland of the main island of Honshu. Many peasants were forced to fight with their overlords, only to be slaughtered recklessly. The Minamoto war emerged victorious, setting up the bakufu, a military government. This plunged Japan into feudalism. The emperor and his court were preserved, but Minamoto had the real power.

 

 

 

Following the Gempei Wars, Japan was plunged into a feudal society that followed this breakdown.

 

Stearns, Peter N.. World Civilizations The Global Experience. 4th Ed.. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.

 

 

The daimyo and the samurai- Tyler Cornett

 

·         Daimyo translates as “Great Name.”

·         Daimyos were Japanese Feudal lords that ruled most of Japan during the 10th to 19th centuries.

·         To qualify as a Daimyo, one had to have an annual income of 10,000 koku of rice. A koku of rice is approximately 50,000 bushels.

·         The Daimyo hired samurai, ruled over territories, and held political power.

·         Shogun Tokugawa Ieyusa reorganized the daimyo system after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.

·         Under this system, the daimyo swore loyalty to the Shogun and provided him with crops and military force.

·         Tokugawa was very restrictive of his daimyo and this later caused some of them to side against him in Meiji Restoration.

·         After the Meiji Restoration, the daimyo period was ended.

 

 

              A figure depicting a Japanese daimyo.

 

"daimyo." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 Nov. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149919/daimyo>.

 

 

The code of Bushido

Kamakura Shogunate

Ashikaga Shogunate- Colin Breheny

The Ashkiaga Shogunate is the rule of fuedal dictators from the Asikaga family that ruled Japan from roughly around 1336 CE to 1573 CE. This era of Japan was called the Muromachi period due to the third Shogun establishing his residence in the area of Kyoto that was named that. The dictatorship ended in 1573 CE when Oda Nobunaga drove out the 15th Shogun Yokashi from Kyoto. 

The Ashikaga Mon (Badge).

Sources

http://www.jref.com/culture/ashikaga_shogunate.shtml

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ashikaga_mon.svg/120px-Ashikaga_mon.svg.png

Pure Land and Zen Buddhism-Jenny Borowski

 

Pure Land Buddhism

·         Devotional sect of the Mahayana Buddhism in China and Japan

·         Centered on worshiping the Buddha Amitabla (Amida)

·         Amida vowed to save all sentient beings

·         Would grant them all rebirth in his land

·         People invoked the name of Amida with absolute faith and efficacy of his vow

·         Believed Amida would appear at death and take them to paradise

Zen Buddhism

·         Buddhist sect of China and Japan

·         Name derived from Snaskrit word dhyana (Meditation)

·         Founder, Bodhidharma, taught the practice of wall gazing

·         Defines the enlightenment as direct seeing of ‘original mind’ or ‘original nature’, or Buddha

·         Zen was influenced by Taoism and elements of Prajna-Paramita Buddhism

·         The eighth and ninth centuries were the Golden Age

 

 

 

Lochtefeld, James. "Pure Land and Zen Buddhism." Carthage. 12 Nov 2001. 14 Nov 2008 <http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/buddhism/pl.html>.

Japanese artistic expression

Haiku poetry

Silla (Korea) and Sinification Alexandra Bauer

 

  • Silla was one of the two Southern kingdoms in Korea during the Three Kingdoms Era
  • Sinification refers to the extensive adoption of Chinese culture in Korea
  • The original results were
    1. A spread of Buddhism- Korean rulers patronized Buddhist artists and financed monasteries
    2. Korean scholars traveled to China
    3. Chinese writing was introduced in Korea
    4. The Koguryo monarch of Korea imposed a unified law code that was much like the one of Han China
    5. Universities spread that promoted Confucian teachings and taught Chinese history
  • The Tang dynasty in China struck an alliance with the Silla kingdom and destroyed the Koguryo monarch that had been in power there
  • Silla forces resisted Chinese control after that and the Tang dynasty bargained with Silla till they decided that in exchange for tribute, the Chinese armies would withdraw from Silla
  • Silla became part of United Korea in 668
  • Chinese influences as a result of sinification continued after Korea became independent
  • The Silla rulers practiced sinification in the following ways
    1. They strove to model their kingdom after the Tang Empire
    2. Regularly sent tribute to the Tang court
    3. Korean scholars collected Chinese texts
    4. Implemented the fashions and court etiquette of the Chinese court
    5. Koreans continued to stay connected with the Chinese emperor

 

  • Benefits of sinification included peace with the Chinese and gave access to the elite Chinese learning, art and manufactured goods
  • Sinified areas continued to practice Buddhism
  • The Korean capital was modeled after its Tang counterpart
  • The Korean elite culture continued to be influenced by Chinese learning and Confucianism and Buddhism

This is a piece of art that was created in Silla during the era of Chinese sinification. The heavy Chinese influence can be seen in the Chinese characters that describe it and its style. This is a depicition of the Korean Empress, Jinguln.

 

Stearns, Peter, Michael Adas , Stuart Schwartz, and Marc Gilbert .World Civilization: The Global      Experience . 4th ed . New York : Pearson Longman , 2004 .

 

 

Trung Sisters - Mindy Xiong

 

     The Trung sisters were two vietnamnese girls with strong passion - they were daughters of a powerful lord. Some people believed that if it were not for the Trung Sisters, Vietnam would've never became a nation itself. There are many stories of these two young brave souls proving their independance and pride. The Trung sisters led the first national uprising against the chinese (who had sadly - conquered them in 40AD.) At the time before, Vietnam had suffered under the rule of the Chinese.  In Vietnam - Women enjoyed their freedom. But with the influence and imapact of Confunacism in Chinese culture things changed a bit.

     To speak more of the war - the mean time, they did win back some property extended from Hue to Southern China & they were claimed pro - queens. The Vietnamnese celebrate their memory with a national holiday every year.

 

Here is an Image of a Golden Staute of the Trung Sisters

As you can see - even Tourists find an interest in these things.

 

Bois, Danuta. "The Trung Sisters." Distinguished Women of Past & Present. 1995. Trung Sisters. 14 Nov 2008 <http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/trung.html>.

 

Vietnamese Independence-Leya Wood

In 938 CE, Ngo Quyen gained independence at the Bach Dang River.  They had been under rule for about 1,000 years.  They repelled 3 Mongol invasions.  Their independence was interrupted by the Ming Dynasty.  Le Loi restored their independence.  They built Chinese-style palaces.  They had civil service exams.  They schooled their elite in Confucian classics.  They also tried to identify with their peasants, unlike China.

 

Picture of Ngo Quyen.

Stearns, Peter, Michael Adas, Stuart Schwarts, and Marc Gilbert.World Civilizations. 4th ed. USA: Pearson Longman, 2006.

-Supported shops, restaurants, and markets

-Largest city and capital Kaifeng during song dynasty and Hangzhou after the dynasty

-Chinaware

-Printing was spread

-Wall was built for protection

-Silk valued highly for clothing material

-Leaders in shipbuilding

-Chinaware gained popularity through elegance and shape and color that sparked its peak

-First paper money was introduced and was later spread throughout

-Woodblock printing gained popularity through the Song Dynasty

-The social classes structure were changed

-Supported shops, restaurants, and markets

-Largest city and capital Kaifeng during song dynasty and Hangzhou after the dynasty

-Chinaware

-Printing was spread

-Wall was built for protection

-Silk valued highly for clothing material

-Leaders in shipbuilding

-Chinaware gained popularity through elegance and shape and color that sparked its peak

-First paper money was introduced and was later spread throughout

-Woodblock printing gained popularity through the Song Dynasty

-The social classes structure were changed

 

 

 

 

 

  • Who: Zheng He was a Hui chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral who made the voyages known as "Enuch Sanbao to the Western Ocean" or "Zheng He to the Western Ocean."
  • What: Zheng He acted as the commercial representative for the Ming court on his trip to these voyages.
  • When: Voyages occured from 1405-1433
  • Where: Voyages ranged from places in China to Africa, namely those along the Indian Ocean
  • Why: The voyages were used to help increase trade
  • How it's important: Zheng He's voyages were important because they contributed a lot to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and other nations.
 
 
 
 
This is a picture of Zheng He.
 
 
 
 
 
  • Who: Zheng He was a Hui chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral who made the voyages known as "Enuch Sanbao to the Western Ocean" or "Zheng He to the Western Ocean."
  • What: Zheng He acted as the commercial representative for the Ming court on his trip to these voyages.
  • When: Voyages occured from 1405-1433
  • Where: Voyages ranged from places in China to Africa, namely those along the Indian Ocean
  • Why: The voyages were used to help increase trade
  • How it's important: Zheng He's voyages were important because they contributed a lot to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and other nations.
 
 
 
 
This is a picture of Zheng He.
 
 
 
Mamluks- (Brianna Kosko)
  • Who: They were considered to be "true lords" with social status above Syrians and Egyptians.
  • What: They were slave soldiers who converted to Islam and served Muslim caliphs and Ayyubid sultans
  • When: During the 9th to 13th centuries
  • Where: Ruled over Egyptin their dynasty
  • How it's important: They are important because they overtime became a powerful military caste that often defeated the crusaders
  • Why:They could seize power for themselves and were able to create their own dynasty
 This is a picture of a Mamluk soldier.
 
 
 
 

 

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